Apache

Zertifikat generieren

Simple script

#!/bin/bash

BASE_SUBJECT='/C=DE/ST=Hamburg/L=Hamburg/O=MyOrg/OU=IT'
BASEDIR=/etc/apache2
DAYS=$[ 5 * 365 ]
KEY_DIR=${BASEDIR}/ssl.key
CRT_DIR=${BASEDIR}/ssl.crt

if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
  printf "usage: $0 <webserver-name> [<alias1> <alias2>...]\n"
  exit 1
fi  

CN=$1
declare -a subject_alt_names;
for i in ${*}
do
  subject_alt_names=( ${subject_alt_names[*]} "DNS:${i}")
done
echo ${subject_alt_names[*]}

SHORT=${CN%%.*}
KEY=${KEY_DIR}/${SHORT}.key
CRT=${CRT_DIR}/${SHORT}.crt

OLD_IFS=${IFS}
IFS=","
openssl req \
	-new \
	-days ${DAYS} \
	-newkey rsa:4096bits \
	-sha512 \
	-x509 \
	-nodes \
	-out ${CRT} \
	-keyout ${KEY} \
	-subj "${BASE_SUBJECT}/CN=${CN}" \
	-reqexts SAN \
	-extensions SAN \
	-config <( 
          cat /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf
          printf "[ext]\nbasicConstraints=CA:FALSE,pathlen:0\n[SAN]\n%s\n" \
            "${subject_alt_names:+subjectAltName = ${subject_alt_names[*]}}"
         )
IFS=${OLD_IFS}
printf "Put this in your Apache config:\n\n\tSSLCertificateFile    %s\n\tSSLCertificateKeyFile %s\n\n" "${CRT}" "${KEY}"

Defaultwerte vernünftig anpassen

Country & Co auf für einen selbst passende Werte anpassen:

# vi /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf

Schlüssel generieren

# openssl ecparam -genkey -name secp256r1 | openssl ec -aes256 -out server.de.ec-key
read EC key
using curve name prime256v1 instead of secp256r1
writing EC key
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:

Sollte es gewünscht sein den Schlüssel ohne Passwort abzulegen, kann man den Schlüssel nachträglich so entfernen:

# openssl ec -in server.de.ec-key -out server.de.ec-key
read EC key
Enter PEM pass phrase:
writing EC key

Zertifikat ausstellen

# openssl req -new -x509 -sha256 -key server.de.ec-key -out server.de-wildcard.pem -days 1825 -nodes

You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [DE]:
State or Province Name (full name) [Hamburg]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [Hamburg]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [My Site]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) [Sub]:
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:*.server.de
Email Address [ssl@server.de]:

Zertifikat ansehen

# openssl x509 -text -noout -in server.de-wildcard.pem
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number: ... (0x...)
    Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256
        Issuer: C=DE, ST=Hamburg, L=Hamburg, O=My Site, OU=Sub, CN=*.server.de/emailAddress=ssl@server.de
        Validity
            Not Before: Apr 16 09:35:02 2015 GMT
            Not After : Apr 14 09:35:02 2020 GMT
        Subject: C=DE, ST=Hamburg, L=Hamburg, O=My Site, OU=Sub, CN=*.server.de/emailAddress=ssl@server.de
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey
                Public-Key: (256 bit)
                pub:
                    ...
                ASN1 OID: prime256v1
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                ...
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:...

            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
                CA:TRUE
    Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256
         ...

Apache konfigurieren

Serving mp4 media files

If your media files are on a network filesystem like CIFS or NFS you should disable memory mapping (EnableMMAP Off) to avoid corrupted data at the client side and allow seeking inside the video.

<Directory /var/www/media-files>
        Options -Indexes

        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted

        <IfModule mod_mime>
          AddType video/mp4 .mp4
        </IfModule>
        EnableMMAP Off
</Directory>

SSL configuration

/etc/apache2/mods-available/ssl.conf

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
...
        SSLUseStapling On
        SSLStaplingCache      "shmcb:${APACHE_RUN_DIR}/stapling_cache(128000)"
...
</IfModule>

<VirtualHost ssl.server.de:443>
    # ...
  
    SSLEngine On
    # Do this only if you are sure you have no old clients
    SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3 -TLSv1 -TLSv1.1
    # If you need to support old clients use this instead
    # SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3 -TLSv1

    SSLCompression off
    SSLHonorCipherOrder On

    # Do this only if you are sure you have no old clients
    SSLCipherSuite      HIGH:EECDH+AESGCM:EDH+AESGCM:AES256+EECDH:AES256+EDH:!AES256+RSA:!AES128:!ADH:!EXP:!SSLv2:!SSLv3:!MEDIUM:!LOW:!NULL:!aNULL

    # If you need to support old clients use this instead
    # SSLCipherSuite ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA:AES128-SHA:HIGH:!DES-CBC3-SHA:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!CAMELLIA:!DES:!MD5:!PSK:!RC4:!SSLv2:!SSLv3


    SSLCertificateFile      /etc/letsencrypt/live/ssl.server.de/fullchain.pem
    SSLCertificateKeyFile   /etc/letsencrypt/live/ssl.server.de/privkey.pem

    SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire

    # Generate DH parameters with
    # # openssl dhparam -out /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam_4096.pem 4096
    SSLOpenSSLConfCmd DHParameters "/etc/ssl/certs/dhparam_4096.pem"
    SSLOpenSSLConfCmd ECDHParameters Automatic
    SSLOpenSSLConfCmd Curves secp521r1:secp384r1:prime256v1

    SetEnvIfNoCase Referer ^https://ssl\.server\.de keep_cookies
    RequestHeader unset Cookie env=!keep_cookies

    <IfModule mod_headers.c>
      # https://kb.sucuri.net/warnings/hardening/headers-x-content-type
      Header set X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

      # https://kb.sucuri.net/warnings/hardening/headers-x-frame-clickjacking
      Header append X-FRAME-OPTIONS "SAMEORIGIN"

      # https://kb.sucuri.net/warnings/hardening/headers-x-xss-protection
      Header set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"

      # Strict Transport Security
      Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31556926;"

      # Public Key Pins
      Header always set Public-Key-Pins "max-age=5184000; pin-sha256=\"...\"; pin-sha256=\"...\"; includeSubDomains"
    </IfModule>

    
    <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
      RewriteEngine On

      # https://kb.sucuri.net/warnings/hardening/http-trace HTTP Trace Method 
      RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^TRACE 
      RewriteRule .* - [F]
    </IfModule>
</VirtualHost>

SSLLabs A+ with all 100%

If you consider to take this snippet be warned. Old clients have no chance to reach the server.

<VirtualHost ssl.server.de:443>
  ...
  # SSL parameters
  SSLEngine On
  SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3 -TLSv1 -TLSv1.1
  SSLCipherSuite  DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
  SSLHonorCipherOrder on
  SSLUseStapling on
  SSLCompression off
  SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire
  SSLCertificateFile      /etc/letsencrypt/live/ssl.server.de/fullchain.pem
  SSLCertificateKeyFile   /etc/letsencrypt/live/ssl.server.de/privkey.pem
  SSLOpenSSLConfCmd DHParameters "/etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem"
  SSLOpenSSLConfCmd ECDHParameters Automatic
  SSLOpenSSLConfCmd Curves secp521r1:secp384r1:prime256v1
  <IfModule mod_headers.c>
    # Add security and privacy related headers
    Header edit Set-Cookie ^(.*)$ $1;HttpOnly;Secure
    Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31556926; includeSubDomains; preload"
    Header always set X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN
    Header always set X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
    Header set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"
    Header set X-Robots-Tag "none"
    SetEnv modHeadersAvailable true
  </IfModule>
  ...
</VirtualHost>

Client certificates

  #
  ## <ClientCertificate>
  #
  SSLVerifyClient none
  SSLCACertificateFile "/var/log/apache2/conf/ca.crt"
  SSLCARevocationFile  "/var/log/apache2/conf/crl.pem"
  SSLCARevocationCheck chain

  CustomLog "/var/log/apache2/logs/ssl_user.log" \
          "%t %h Serial=%{SSL_CLIENT_M_SERIAL}x User=%{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_CN}x \"%r\" %b"

  <Location />
    SSLVerifyClient      require
    SSLVerifyDepth       10
    SSLOptions           +FakeBasicAuth
    SSLRequireSSL
    SSLRequire       %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O}  eq "Your Organization" \
                 and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_OU} in {"AllowedOU1","AllowedOU2"}
  </Location>
  #
  ## </ClientCertificate>
  #

ApacheTop

Top of all sites on your host:

# ls  /var/log/apache2/*.log | xargs -n 1 echo -f | xargs apachetop